In recent years, the global economy has witnessed a resurgence of economic nationalism, a shift away from free trade toward protectionist policies. This shift has triggered a wave of international trade wars, where countries impose tariffs and trade barriers in an attempt to protect domestic industries. While proponents argue these
The phrase “Free Palestine” has echoed across global protests, political forums, and digital platforms, calling attention to one of the longest-running and most polarizing conflicts in modern history. Rooted in decades of occupation, displacement, and violence, this rallying cry is not simply a slogan—it is a demand for justice,
In a world once dominated by the Cold War superpowers and later by a unipolar U.S.-led order, the global balance of power is undergoing a significant transformation. Emerging regional powers such as India, Brazil, and South Africa are no longer confined to the sidelines of international politics. Instead,
Cyber Diplomacy: Navigating International Relations in the Digital Age In the 21st century, international relations are no longer confined to traditional diplomacy, military alliances, or economic treaties. A new dimension—cyberspace—has emerged as a crucial arena where states project power, negotiate influence, and defend national interests. This evolving landscape
Introduction International Relations (IR) is a multidisciplinary field that examines the interactions between nations, international organizations, non-state actors, and global systems. It encompasses diplomacy, conflict, trade, globalization, and the evolving dynamics of power in the international arena. As the world becomes increasingly interconnected, understanding IR is crucial for addressing global